Verbs

Verbs (dhAtu)

  • Sanskrit divides its verbs in to 10 classes (gaNa).
    gaNa 1, 4, 6, 10 have their stems ending in a and the others in non-a
    Together the a-ending verbs account for almost 90% of the total ~2000 verbs.
  • The tenses are denoted by lakaar. There are 10 of these as well.
  • The verbs are divided in to three catagories which while not completely random, are not fully deterministic. These are aatmanepadi, parasmaipadi and ubhayapadi (i.e. aatmanepadi and parasmaipadi).
  • There are three persons viz. uttama (first), madhyama (second) and prathama (third) just like in English.

Some more details

  • bhvaadyadaadI juhotyaadiH divaadiH svaadirevH ch |
    tudaadishcha rUdhaadishcha tanaadiH krI-churaadayaH ||

    भ्वाद्यदादी जुहोत्यादिः दिवादिः स्वादिरेवः च।
    तुदादिश्च रूधादिश्च तनादिः क्री-चुरादयः ॥

    gaNvikaraNaFirst verb
    1abhU - bhavatibhvaadi
    4yadiv - divyatidivaadi
    6atud - tudatitudaadi
    10ayachur - chorayaticharaadi
    2-ad - attiadaadi
    3dvitvahu - juhotijuhotyaadi
    5nusu - sunoti/sunutesvaadi
    7nrudh -ruNaddhi/rundherudhaadi
    8utan - tanoti/tanotetanaadi
    9naakrI - krINItekrI-aadi

    gaNvikaraNaFirst verb
    1भू - भवति भ्वादि
    4दिव् - दिव्यति दिवादि
    6तुद् - तुदति तुदादि
    10अयचुर् - चोरयति चरादि
    2-अद् - अत्ति अदादि
    3द्वित्वहु - जुहोति जुहोत्यादि
    5नुसु - सुनोति/सुनुते स्वादि
    7न्रुध् -रुणद्धि/रुन्धे रुधादि
    8तन् - तनोति/तनोते तनादि
    9नाक्री - क्रीणीते क्री-आदि