Kirchhoff’s Laws of Radiation
Relate continuous spectra, emission line spectra, &
                       absorption line spectra
1. Hot opaque solid (dense gas) emits light of all
wavelengths continuous spectrum of radiation
2. Low density (transparent) hot gas emits
spectrum of bright emission lines
3. Low density (transparent) cool gas in front of  a
blackbody absorbs wavelengths from the
continuous spectrum dark absorption line
spectrum on continuous spectrum (wavelengths
same as emission lines from hot gas)
Spectroscopy enables determinations of chemical
structure of stars