charged particles (electrons, protons) and carry
electric field, strength of field 1/d2
collision or heating particle vibration change in
field change in electrical forces on other particles
change in electrical forces information about
original particle
information transmitted through a disturbance
(change in electrical field)
magnetic field associated with electrical field
electromagnetic waves
Electromagnetic waves from moving charged particles
in astronomical objects
propagate at speed of light, c (need not be visible)