The Stellar and Sub-Stellar Initial Mass Function: Theory
Top-down hierachical fragmentation of random fluctuations (Larson 1978; Elmegreen 1999, 2000ab)
Bottom-up mergers of molecular cores or protostars (Lejeune & Bastien 1986; Price & Podsiadlowski 1995; Murray & Lin 1996; Bonnell et al 1997)
Competitive accretion in clusters (Zinnecker 1982; Bonnell et al. 2001)
Self-limiting accretion (Silk 1977; Adams & Fatuzzo 1996)