Ay 127 Webpage

Ay 127 Webpage - Winter 2017

http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~george/ay127/

Instructors:

George Djorgovski, george[AT]astro.caltech.edu, x-4415, 374 Cahill
Several other kind volunteers
TA:

Samaporn (Kaew) Tinyanont, st[AT]astro.caltech.edu, x-4987, 255 Cahill
Office hours: Thu 11 am

Class times: Tue & Thu, 1-2:30 pm, 219 Cahill

Class summary, syllabus, grading, collaboration policy, texts, etc.

Homeworks & Exams:

Homework #1 , due on Fri Jan 20 (pdf file)

Solutions (pdf file)

Midterm! Due by 5 pm on Thu. Feb. 9

Solutions (pdf file)

Homework #2 , due on Fri Feb 24 (pdf file)

Solutions (pdf file)

The Final: Please do not print it until you are ready to start. It is a 5h test (should take less), closed book/notes/internet. It is due by 5 pm on Friday, March 17. Ready to start? OK, click here

Lectures:

Lecture 1: FRW models, Friedmann equation, redshift and scale factor

George's slides (4.8 MB pdf file)
Chris Hirata's notes (2013) (1.8 MB pdf file)
M. Francis et al. paper explaining the expanding space and some common mistakes and confusion (pdf file) * [arXiv link]

Lecture 2: Cosmological distance scale

George's slides (10 MB pdf file)
"The Hubble Constant", W. Freedman & B. Madore, 2010, ARAA, 48, 673 (1.5 MB pdf file) * [arXiv link]
"Measuring and Modeling the Universe", ed. W. Freedman, Carnegie Observatories Astrophys. Symp., vol. 2 (2004) (lots of good reviews)
A good example of a modern joint analysis of various data sets is "The 1% concordance Hubble Constant", C. Bennett et al., ApJ, 794, 135 (2014) [ADS link]
"The Age of the Galactic Globular System", D. VandenBerg, M. Bolte & P. Stetson, 1996, ARAA, 34, 461 (somewhat dated, but a good review of the subject)
An old but useful review of nucleocosmochronology is by J. Cowan, F.-K. Thielemann, & J. Truran, "Radioactive Dating of the Elements", ARAA, 29, 447 (1991) [ADS link]

Lecture 3: Cosmological tests

George's slides (10 MB pdf file)
O. Lahav & A. Liddle: "The Cosmological Parameters 2014", from the Review of Particle Physics 2014 (aka the Particle Data Book), arXiv/1401.1389
Planck Mission papers
Some additional readings on dark energy:

M. Mortonson, D. Weinberg, & M. White: "Dark Energy: A Short Review", from the Review of Particle Physics (2014) (aka the Particle Data Book), arXiv/1401.0046
D. Weinberg et al., "Observational Probes of Cosmic Acceleration", arXiv/1201.2434
J. Frieman, M. Turner, & D. Huterer, "Dark Energy and the Accelerating Universe", ARAA, 46, 385 (2008)
S. Carroll: "The Cosmological Constant", Living Rev. Rel. 4 (2001) 1, arXiv link
J. Martin: "Everything You Always Wanted To Know About The Cosmological Constant Problem (But Were Afraid To Ask)", Rep. Prog. Pys. (2009), arXiv/1205.3365
A. Silvestri & M. Trodden: "Approaches to Understanding Cosmic Acceleration", Rep. Prog. Pys. (2009), arXiv/0904.0024
E. Linder: "Frontiers of Dark Energy", arXiv/1009.1411
R. Caldwell & M. Kamionkowski: "The Physics of Cosmic Acceleration", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. (2009) = arxiv/0903.0866
N. Straumann: "The history of the cosmological constant problem", arXiv link
Report of the Dark Energy Task Force, astro-ph/0609591

Some additional readings on CMB cosmology:

"The Cosmic Symphony", a Sci. Am. article by W. Hu & M. White (2004) (pdf file, 1.9 MB)
W. Hu, & S. Dodelson, "Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies", ARAA, 40, 171 (2002)

Some additional readings on other cosmological tests:

S. Allen, A. Evrard, & A. Mantz, "Cosmological Parameters from Observations of Galaxy Clusters", ARAA, 49, 409 (2011)
J. Carlstrom, G. Holder, & E. Reese, "Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect", ARAA, 40, 643 (2002)
B. Leibungut, "Cosmological Implications from Observations of Type Ia Supernovae", ARAA, 39, 67 (2001)
LBL Supernova Cosmology Project and the High-Z Supernova Team
EAA article on Hubble diagram (pdf file)

Lecture 4: The Contents of the Universe

George's slides (5 MB pdf file)
Sunil's slides (18.5 MB pdf file)

J. Feng: "Dark Matter Candidates from Particle Physics and Methods of Detection", ARAA, 48, 495 (2010)
R. Gaitskell: "Direct Detection Of Dark Matter", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 54, 315 (2004)
W. Haxton & A. Fitzpatrick: "Effective Theory Frameworks for Analysis of Direct-Detection Dark Matter Experiments", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 67 (2017)
D. Hooper & E. Baltz: "Strategies for Determining the Nature of Dark Matter", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 58, 293 (2008)

Lecture 5: The Early Universe

George's slides (4 MB pdf file)
Chris Hirata's slides: Radiation Era, Cosmic Nucleosynthesis (1.1 MB pdf file)
Chris Hirata's slides: Transition to Matter-Dominated Era, Recombination (0.7 MB pdf file)
Marc Kamionkowski’s lecture notes on the thermal history of the universe (pdf)
J. Ellis & D. Wands: "Inflation" (2016), from the Particle Data Book: [pdf]
J. Narlikar & T. Padmanabhan: "Inflation for Astronomers", ARAA, 29, 325 (1991)
G. Steigman: "Primordial Nucleosynthesis in the Precision Cosmology Era", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 57:463-491 (2007): arXiv link
B. Fields, P. Molaro & S. Sarkar: "Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis" (2015), from the Particle Data Book: [pdf]

Lectures 6-8: CMB

J. Bock's slides (16 MB pdf file)
O. Dore's slides part I (16 MB pdf file)
O. Dore's slides part II (31 MB pdf file)
W. Hu's online tutorials (CMB and more)
M. Zaldariaga's video lectures (CMB and more)
WMAP website
Planck legacy archive

Lectures 9-10: Structure Formation

Chris Hirata's old slides (2.2 MB pdf file)
Shea Garrison-Kimmel's lecture notes (pdf file)
Marc Kamionkowski's lecture notes on the growth of density perturbations and structure formation (pdf)
Tom Theuns's lecture notes on Physical Cosmology (chapters 3 and 4 are particularly relevant here) (1 MB pdf file)

Lectures 11-12: Large Scale Structure

Robyn Sanderson's lecture notes (pdf file), and her slides (11 MB pdf file)

Cosmography movie
Bulk flows movie
Astrobot fiber positioner movie
Fiber collision avoidance testing
Subaru Echidna spectrograph testing

George's slides (9.4 MB pdf file)
Some additional readings:

An excellent, modern, and comprehensive review by A. Coil, "Large-Scale Structure of the Universe", in Planets, Stars, and Stellar Systems (2012), available at arXiv/1202.6633
V. Springel, C. Frenk, & S. White, "The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe", 2006, Nature 440, 1137, available at astro-ph/0604561
O. Lahav & Y. Suto, "Measuring our Universe from Galaxy Redshift Surveys", Living Reviews in Relativity, v. 7, no. 8 (2004) also available at astro-ph/0310642 *
J. Peacock, "Large-scale surveys and cosmic structure", 2002 Tenerife Winter School lectures, available at astro-ph/0309240 * (local pdf file)
M. Strauss & J. Willick, "The density and peculiar velocity fields of nearby galaxies", 1995, Phys.Rept. 261, 271, available at astro-ph/9502079 * (local pdf file)
J. Peacock, "The evolution of clustering and bias in the galaxy distribution", Roy. Soc. London Phil. Tr. A, v. 357, p.133 (1999), available at astro-ph/9805208
M. White's links on the probes of Large Scale Structure
Bits and pieces of our Sky Surveys review paper are also relevant here
R. Gal, "Optical Detection of Galaxy Clusters", available at astro-ph/0601195
A. Diaferio et al., "Clusters of Galaxies: Setting the Stage", available at astro-ph/0801.0968
P. Rosati, S. Borgani, & C. Norman, "The Evolution of X-Ray Clusters of Galaxies" ARAA, 40, 539 (2002)

Lecture 13: Gravitational Lensing

Tim Eifler's slides (87 MB! pdf file)
Additional readings:

P. Schneider, "Weak Gravitational Lensing", in: C. Kochanek et al. (eds.), "Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak & Micro.", Lecture Notes of the 33rd Saas-Fee Advanced Course, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, p.273, available at arXiv/0509252
H. Hoekstra & B. Jain, "Weak Gravitational Lensing and its Cosmological Applications", Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci., 58, 99-123 (2008), available at arXiv/0805.0139
H. Hoekstra, "Weak Gravitational Lensing", from the International School of Physics Enrico Fermi "New Horizons for Observational Cosmology", Varenna, July 1-6, 2013, eds. A. Melchiori et al., available at arXiv/1312.5981
M. Kilbinger, "Cosmology with cosmic shear observations: a review", Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 (2015) 086901, available at arXiv/1411.0115
LSST Science Book Weak Lensing Chapter (pdf)
M. Bartelmann, "Gravitational Lensing", available at arXiv/1010.3829
T. Treu, "Strong Lensing by galaxies", ARAA, 48, 87 (2010) (local pdf file)
A. Refregier, "Weak Gravitational Lensing by Large-Scale Structure", ARAA, 41, 645 (2003)
Y. Mellier, "Probing the Universe with Weak Lensing", ARAA, 37, 127 (1999) also available at astro-ph/9812172 and also "Cosmological Applications of Gravitational Lensing", available at astro-ph/9901116
M. Bartelmann & P. Schneider, "Weak Gravitational Lensing", Phys. Rep. 340, 291 (2001), also available at astro-ph/9912508
J. Wambsganss, "Gravitational Lensing in Astronomy", Liv. Rev. Relativ., Vol. 1, No. 12 (1998) also available at astro-ph/9812021

Lecture 14: Galaxian Properties

Lecture canceled, since that material was covered in Ay 124 by P. Hopkins
George's old slides (4.3 MB pdf file)
Additional readings:

Of a historical interest: A. Sandage: "The Classification Of Galaxies: Early History and Ongoing Developments", ARAA, 43, 581 (2005)
S. G. Djorgovski: "Systematics of Galaxy Properties: Hints About Their Formation", ASPCS, 24, 19 (1992)
M. Pahre & S. G. Djorgovski: "Observational Constraints on the Origins of the Fundamental Plane", Stromlo symp. (1997), available at ADS link
M. Cappellari, "Structure and Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies from Integral Field Spectroscopy" ARAA, 54, 597 (2016)
F. Shu, "Six Decades of Spiral Density Wave Theory" ARAA, 54, 667 (2016)
J. Kormendy & K. Freeman: "Scaling Laws for Dark Matter Halos in Late-Type and Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies", IAU Symp.220, 377 (2004), available at ADS link
A. Graham: "A Review Of Elliptical And Disc Galaxy Structure, And Modern Scaling Laws", PSSS, 6, 91 (2012), available at arXiv/1108.0997
L. Ferrarese & H. Ford: "Supermassive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei: Past, Present and Future Research", Space Sci. Rev., 116, 523 (2005), also available at astro-ph/0411247
J. Kormendy: "Supermassive Black Holes in the HST Era", ARAA, 51, in press (2013)

Lecture 15: Galaxy Evolution

George's old slides updated by Daniel Stern (3.8 MB pdf file)
D. Stern slides on photo-z's (1.3 MB pdf file)
Additional readings: population synthesis models

On-line access to Bruzual-Charlot GALAXEV models is available here and here
On-line access to Leitherer et al. Starburst99 models is available at http://www.stsci.edu/science/starburst99/
A number of other web resources for stellar population modeling (and other stuff) is available at http://iau-c35.stsci.edu/Resources/
C. Conroy, "Modeling the Panchromatic Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies" ARAA, 51, 393 (2013)
A. Renzini, "Stellar Population Diagnostics of Elliptical Galaxy Formation" ARAA, 44, 141 (2006)
R. Kennicutt & N. Evans, "Star Formation in the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies" ARAA, 50, 531 (2012)

Additional readings: deep fields and high-redshift galaxies

P. Madau & M. Dickinson, "Cosmic Star-Formation History" ARAA, 52, 415 (2014)
H. Ferguson, M. Dickinson, & R. Williams, "The Hubble Deep Fields" ARAA, 38, 667 (2000) also available at astro-ph/0004319
M. Giavalisco, "Lyman-Break Galaxies" ARAA, 40, 579 (2002)
A. Shapley, "Physical Properties of Galaxies from z = 2 - 4", ARAA, 49, 525 (2011)
C. Conselice, "The Evolution of Galaxy Structure Over Cosmic Time" ARAA, 52, 291 (2014)

Additional readings: obscured galaxies

D. Lutz, "Far-Infrared Surveys of Galaxy Evolution" ARAA, 52, 373 (2014)
M. Hauser & E. Dwek, "The Cosmic Infrared Background: Measurements and Implications" ARAA, 39, 249 (2001)
T. Soifer, G. Helou, & M. Werner, "The Spitzer View of the Extragalactic Universe" ARAA, 46, 201 (2008)
G. Lagache, J.-L. Puget, & H. Dole, "Dusty Infrared Galaxies: Sources of the Cosmic Infrared Background" ARAA, 43, 727 (2005)
A. Blain et al., "Submillimeter Galaxies", Phys. Rep., 369, 111 (2002): local pdf * astro-ph/0202228
C. Carilli & F. Walter, "Cool Gas in High-Redshift Galaxies", ARAA, 51, 105 (2013)

Lecture 16: Intergalactic and Circumgalactic Medium

George's old slides (3.9 MB pdf file)
C. Hummers's slides (5.9 MB pdf file)
Cameron's movies:

Cosmic evolution (8.6 MB mp4 file)
IGM spectrum (from Pontzen) (4.7 MB mov file)
2dF fly-through simulation (9.4 MB mp4 file)

Additional readings on IGM:

M. McQuinn, "The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium", ARAA, 54, 313 (2016) (local pdf)
A. Wolfe, E. Gawiser, & J. Prochaska, "Damped LyA Systems" ARAA, 43, 861 (2005) * (local pdf)
S. Veilleux, G. Cecil, & J. Bland-Hawthorn, "Galactic Winds" ARAA, 43, 769 (2005)
M. Rauch, "The Lyman-alpha Forest in the Spectra of Quasistellar Objects" ARAA, 36, 267 (1998)
P. Petitjean, "QSO Absorption Line Systems", available at astro-ph/9810418
J. Charlton & C. Churchill, "Quasistellar Objects: Intervening Absorption Lines", available at astro-ph/0006002
P. Madau, "The Intergalactic Medium", available at astro-ph/0005106
A. Meiksin: "The physics of the intergalactic medium", Rev. Mod. Phys., 81, 1405, available at ADS
J. Bechtold, "Quasar Absorption Lines", available at astro-ph/0112521
M. Putman, J. Peek, & M. Joung, "Gaseous Galaxy Halos" ARAA, 50, 491 (2012)

Lecture 17: AGN, Their Phenomenology, Fueling, and Evolution

George's slides (7.6 MB pdf file)
A number of interesting talks at the M. Schmidt Symposium, Fifty Years of Quasars (2013)
Additional readings:

P. Hewett & C. Foltz 1994, "Quasar Surveys", PASP 106, 113
L. Ho, "Nuclear Activity in Nearby Galaxies" ARAA, 46, 475 (2008)
W. Brandt & G. Hasinger, "Deep Extragalactic X-Ray Surveys", ARAA, 43, 827 (2005)
A. Fabian & X. Barcons, "The Origin of the X-Ray Background", ARAA 30, 429 (1992)
W. Brandt et al., "The Chandra Deep Field-North Survey and the Cosmic X-ray Background", Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A360 (2002) 2057-2076, available at astro-ph/0202311
M. Vestergaard, "Quasar Mass Functions Across Cosmic Time", IAU Symp. 267, 239 (2010), available at arxiv/1007.2600
Y. Shen, "The Mass of Quasars", BASI 41, 61 (2013), available at arxiv/1302.2643
F. Hamann & G. Ferland, "Elemental Abundances in Quasistellar Objects: Star Formation and Galactic Nuclear Evolution at High Redshifts", ARAA, 37, 487 (1999)
A. Fabian: "Observational Evidence of Active Galactic Nuclei Feedback", ARAA, 50, 455 (2012)
J. Kormendy & L. Ho, "Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies", ARAA, 51, 511 (2013) (local pdf)
T. Heckman & P. Best, "The Coevolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights From Surveys of the Contemporary Universe", ARAA, 52, 589 (2014) (local pdf)
A. King & K. Pounds, "Powerful Outflows and Feedback From Active Galactic Nuclei", ARAA, 53, 115 (2015) (local pdf)
H. Netzer, "Revisiting the Unified Model of Active Galactic Nuclei", ARAA, 53, 365 (2015) (local pdf)

Lecture 18: Galaxy Formation and Reionization

Coral Wheeler's substantially updated and improved version of George's old slides (9.3 MB pdf file)
Coral's movies:

Dark matter vs. gas temperature - Illustris simulation (Youtube link)
FIRE collaboration simulations
John Wise's reionization simulation (Youtube link)
Mark Krumholtz's simulation of a massive protostar formation (Youtube link)

Additional readings:

R. Somerville & R. Dave, "Physical Models of Galaxy Formation in a Cosmological Framework", ARAA, 53, 51 (2015) (local pdf)
D. Stark, "Galaxies in the First Billion Years After the Big Bang", ARAA, 54, 761 (2016) (local pdf)
J. Dunlop: "Observing the first galaxies" (2012), available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1205.1543
S. Zaroubi: "The Epoch of Reionization" (2012), available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1206.0267
V. Bromm & N. Yoshida: "The First Galaxies", ARAA, 49, 373 (2011)
M. Morales & J.S. Wyithe: "Reionization and Cosmology with 21-cm Fluctuations", ARAA, 48, 127 (2010)
B. Robertson et al., "Early star-forming galaxies and the reionization of the Universe" Nature, 468, 49 (2010) (local pdf)
V. Bromm et al., "The formation of the first stars and galaxies" Nature, 459, 49 (2009) (local pdf)
A. Cattaneo et al.: "The role of black holes in galaxy formation and evolution", Nature, 460, 213 (2009), available at arXiv/0907.1608
S.G. Djorgovski et al., "The Origins and the Early Evolution of Quasars and Supermassive Black Holes", in Proc. XI Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, eds. H. Kleinert et al., Singapore: World Scientific, 2008, p.340, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.2862
X. Fan, C. Carilli, & B. Keating, "Observational Constraints on Cosmic Reionization" ARAA, 44, 415 (2006)
V. Bromm & R. Larson, "The First Stars" ARAA, 42, 79 (2004)
S.G. Djorgovski, "Black Holes From the Dark Ages: Exploring the Reionization Era and Early Structure Formation With Quasars and Gamma-Ray Bursts", in Proc. X Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, eds. M. Novello et al., Singapore: World Scientific, 2005, p. 422, available at astro-ph/0409378
A. Loeb & R. Barkana, "The Reionization of the Universe by the First Stars and Quasars" ARAA, 39, 19 (2001)
R. Barkana & A. Loeb, "In the Beginning: The First Sources of Light and the Reionization of the Universe", Phys. Rep. 349, 125 (2001), also available at astro-ph/0010468
M. Rees, "First Light in the Universe; What Ended the Dark Age?", Phys. Rep. 333, 203 (2000), also available at astro-ph/9912345

Other useful stuff. Please let us know if you find some additional useful links.
CosmoCalc by Ned Wright * Advanced version * Time converting * A. Robotham's CosmoCalc
"Distance measures in cosmology" by D. Hogg
Various lecture notes and review papers:

Ned Wright at UCLA has a good Cosmology Tutorial
Ned Wright's cosmology notes (pdf file)
NED Level 5 ( many good articles and books)
Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Jayant Narlikar's book "Introduction To Cosmology" (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993) (Provided by NED Level 5)
John Peacock's cosmology notes (pdf file)
M. Trodden & S. Carroll cosmology lectures (pdf file)
V. Mukhanov's "Physical Foundations of Cosmology" (pdf file)
B. Ratra & M. Vogeley's "Resource Letter on the Beginning and Evolution of the Universe" (pdf file) * arXiv link
E. Linder's "Resource Letter on Dark Energy and Acceleration of the Universe" (pdf file) * arXiv link
L. Ancordoqui's lectures on astrophysics and cosmology (pdf file) * arXiv link
P.J.E. Peebles: "The Standard Cosmological Model", In Les Rencontres de Physique de la Vallee d'Aosta, ed. M. Greco (1998) (Provided by NED Level 5)
D. Reid, D. Kittell, E. Arzsnov & G. Thompson: "The Picture of Our Universe: A View From Modern Cosmology" (arXiv)
A. Heavens: "Statistical techniques in cosmology" (2009), available as arxiv/0906.0664
D. Waite: "Modern Relativity", an on-line textbook
Andrew Hamilton's relativity and black holes links and his cosmology links
Sean Carroll's GR textbook (pdf file). And here is a short version
M. Zaldariaga's video lectures

Some additional readings that you may find interesting:

"Cosmic Journey: A History of Scientific Cosmology" from the American Institute of Physics
CosmoCoffee (lots of good resources)
M. Longair, "A Brief History of Cosmology" (pdf file)
D. Christianson, "Edwin Hubble: A Biographical Retrospective" (pdf file)
J.-P. Luminet, "The Rise of Big Bang Models, from Myth to Theory and Observations" (pdf file)
E. Hubble, "Explorations in Space: The Cosmological Program for the Palomar Telescopes" (1951, Proc. Am. Phil. Soc., 95, 461; pdf file)
Vesto Slipher (a webpage created by John Peacock)
Who really discovered the expanding universe? arXiv/1104.3031 link
What is outside the universe?

Last changed: 18Oct21, SGD